When parents first hear that their child may be on the autism spectrum, one of the first questions they often ask is: What does that mean exactly? More specifically, what are the levels of autism? Understanding these levels can help you get a clearer picture of your child’s unique needs and the kind of support that may help them thrive.
We’ll break down the three levels of autism in simple language. We’ll also look at how these levels are determined, why they matter, and what you can do if you suspect your child may be showing signs of autism.
What are the Levels of Autism?
The term “levels of autism” comes from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5), which is used by doctors to diagnose autism spectrum disorder (ASD). According to the DSM-5, autism is classified into three levels based on the amount of support a person needs in daily life:
- Level 1: Requiring Support
- Level 2: Requiring Substantial Support
- Level 3: Requiring Very Substantial Support
Each level is determined by how much help a person needs with social communication, behavior, and daily functioning.
Level 1: Requiring Support
Children with Level 1 autism may have some difficulty with social skills and flexible thinking, but they can often function independently with minimal help. They might:
- Struggle to hold a back-and-forth conversation
- Have trouble making or keeping friends
- Find it hard to adjust to changes in routine or new situations
- Show narrow or intense interests
Children at this level might be described as having high-functioning autism (a term some still use, though it’s not official). They often attend regular schools and may not receive a diagnosis until later in childhood.
Level 2: Requiring Substantial Support
Level 2 autism means a child needs more help than those at Level 1. The social and behavioral challenges are more noticeable and can interfere with everyday life. Children may:
- Avoid eye contact and rarely initiate social interaction
- Use limited verbal communication or rely on gestures
- Get easily upset by changes in routine or unfamiliar settings
- Show repetitive behaviors like rocking, hand-flapping, or spinning objects
These children usually need therapies such as speech, occupational, or behavioral therapy to support learning and communication.
Level 3: Requiring Very Substantial Support
Level 3 autism is the most severe form of the spectrum. Children at this level have significant challenges with communication and behavior. They may:
- Speak very little or not at all
- Shows extreme difficulty interacting with others
- Have intense repetitive behaviors or fixations
- Struggle with basic daily tasks without assistance
These children often require one-on-one support in both educational and home settings. Early and ongoing intervention is especially important at this level.
How are the Levels of Autism Diagnosed?
Doctors and specialists diagnose autism based on behaviors observed over time. A combination of developmental screenings, interviews with parents, and direct evaluations are used. The levels of autism are determined after a diagnosis of ASD is confirmed, and they help guide the type of therapies or educational services a child may need.
According to the CDC, about 1 in 36 children in the U.S. has been identified with autism spectrum disorder. Diagnosis usually happens around age 2 to 3, but some signs can appear as early as 18 months.
Why Understanding the Levels of Autism Matters
Knowing the levels of autism helps families, teachers, and therapists better understand what kind of support a child may need to succeed. While these levels provide helpful guidance, it’s important to remember that every child with autism is unique. Two children at the same level may have very different strengths and challenges.
It’s also important to note that these levels can change over time. With the right support, many children improve their communication skills, manage behavior more effectively, and become more independent.
What Parents Can Do
If you’re concerned about your child’s development or think they may be showing signs of autism, trust your instincts. Early screening and evaluation can make a big difference. Talk to your pediatrician and ask for a referral to a specialist if needed.
Remember: getting answers is the first step toward getting the support your child needs.
Understanding the levels of autism gives parents a starting point for figuring out how to support their child. Whether your child needs minimal help or more substantial support, there are resources, therapies, and tools available to help them grow, connect, and succeed. You’re not alone – and with the right information, you can feel more confident in the journey ahead.
