If you’re a parent wondering how to help a child with sensory processing disorder (SPD), you’re not alone. Many families face the daily challenge of supporting a child who may react strongly to sounds, textures, lights, or movement. Sensory processing disorder is a condition where the brain has trouble receiving and responding to information that comes through the senses. This can affect a child’s behavior, emotions, and ability to function at school or home.
What is sensory processing disorder?
Children with SPD either overreact or underreact to sensory input. For example, a child may cry when hearing loud noises, avoid wearing certain fabrics, or become overwhelmed in crowded spaces. Others may seek out intense movement like spinning or crashing into things.
It’s estimated that 1 in 20 children in the U.S. is affected by sensory processing issues. While it’s not officially listed as a standalone diagnosis in the DSM-5 (the manual doctors use to diagnose mental health and developmental conditions), SPD is recognized by many occupational therapists and child development specialists.
Is sensory processing disorder autism?
Not necessarily. While SPD often coexists with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), not every child with SPD has autism. SPD can also appear in children with ADHD, anxiety, or with no other diagnosis at all.
What causes sensory processing disorder?
The exact cause is unknown, but research suggests it may have a genetic component. Some studies show it may be more common in children born prematurely or with birth complications. So, is sensory processing disorder genetic? Possibly – more research is needed to fully understand the link.
Real-Life Example
Sarah, a mother from Ohio, described how her 5-year-old son Liam would scream when putting on socks or brushing his teeth. Even the feeling of a clothing tag would send him into a meltdown. After months of daily frustration, a developmental pediatrician referred them to an occupational therapist. With weekly therapy and some changes at home, Liam now wears a wider range of clothing and brushes his teeth without distress.
How is sensory processing disorder diagnosed?
SPD is usually diagnosed by a pediatric occupational therapist through a combination of parent interviews, questionnaires, and hands-on assessments. There is no blood test or brain scan for SPD, so the process relies heavily on observing behavior.
How to Help a Child with Sensory Processing Disorder
- Start with Occupational Therapy
Occupational therapy (OT) is the most common approach for treating SPD. Therapists use sensory integration techniques that expose children to sensory experiences in a controlled, gradual way. Over time, kids become better at managing sensory input.
- Create a Sensory-Friendly Home
Making small changes at home can make a big difference:
- Use noise-canceling headphones for loud environments.
- Choose tag-free clothing with soft fabrics.
- Offer fidget toys, weighted blankets, or body socks for calming input.
- Dim the lights or avoid fluorescent bulbs if your child is sensitive to light.
- Stick to a Routine
Children with SPD often thrive on predictable routines. Set clear expectations for daily activities like dressing, mealtimes, and bedtime. Use visual schedules if needed.
- Learn and Advocate
The more you know, the better you can support your child. Connect with other parents through support groups or online forums. Advocate for accommodation at school, such as sensory breaks or flexible seating.
- Be Patient and Positive
Every child is different. What works for one may not work for another. Celebrate small victories and be patient with setbacks.
Supporting a child with sensory processing disorder may feel overwhelming at times, but you are not alone. With the right tools, patience, and professional guidance, your child can learn to navigate their sensory world more comfortably. Remember, progress may be slow, but every small win is a step forward. As a parent, your love, understanding, and advocacy make a powerful difference. Trust your instincts, seek support when needed, and take heart in knowing that many children with SPD go on to lead happy, successful lives. Your journey might have its challenges, but with compassion and consistency, your child can thrive.
